Welcome to CanadianFirefighter.com
a canadian firefighter resource and communication site

PART 5
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 5.1  GENERAL

Subsection 5.1.1.  Application

Application

5.1.1.1.  This Part applies to materials, processes and operations that involve a risk from explosion or high flammability, or otherwise create a hazard to life safety or health.

Subsection 5.1.2.  Means of Egress

Means of egress

5.1.2.1.  Hazardous materials, processes and operations shall be located and the premises maintained so that the means of egress will not be obstructed in any manner that would interfere with evacuation of the floor area in the event of a fire.

Subsection 5.1.3.  Electrical Installations

Electrical installations

5.1.3.1.  Electrical installations shall conform to the Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998.

Subsection 5.1.4.  Ventilation

Ventilation requirements

5.1.4.1.  Ventilation shall be provided for hazardous locations and processes in conformance with the Building Code and the requirements of this Part.

SECTION 5.2  EXPLOSIVES, FIREWORKS AND PYROTECHNICS

Subsection 5.2.1.  Explosives

Storage, handling and use

5.2.1.1.  The storage, handling and use of explosives, blasting agents, detonators, propellant explosives, pyrotechnics and ammunition shall be in conformance with the Explosives Act (Canada) and the Explosives Regulations made under it.

Fire emergency procedures

5.2.1.2.  (1)  Any person using, storing or handling explosives shall establish fire emergency procedures in conformance with Section 2.8 and that shall specify

(a) the location and identification of storage and use areas,

(b) methods to control a fire emergency safely and efficiently, and

(c) the names, addresses and telephone numbers of persons to be contacted in case of fire during nonoperating hours.

Subsection 5.2.2.  Fireworks and Pyrotechnics

Manufacture, storage, transportation and sale

5.2.2.1.  The manufacture, storage, transportation and sale of fireworks and pyrotechnics shall be in conformance with the Explosives Act (Canada) and the Explosives Regulations made under it.

Handling and discharge

5.2.2.2.  The handling and discharge of fireworks and pyrotechnics shall conform with the NRCan, "Display Fireworks Manual" and NRCan, "Pyrotechnics Special Effects Manual".

SECTION 5.3  MATCHES

Subsection 5.3.1.  Storage

Labelling and packing

5.3.1.1.  Matches shall be classified, packaged and labelled by the manufacturer as Class 4 Division 1, Flammable Solids, in conformance with the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada).

Storage compartment

5.3.1.2.  Where the aggregate volume of piles of stored matches exceeds 3 m³, storage compartments shall be constructed in conformance with the requirements of the Building Code for high hazard industrial occupancies.

Carton pile arrangements

5.3.1.3.  In storage areas regulated by Article 5.3.1.2., shipping cartons containing matches shall be arranged in piles not exceeding 3 m in height or 40 m³ in volume, and separated by aisles 2.4 m wide.

Mixed storage

5.3.1.4.  In mixed storage areas, matches shall be stored in a specific area separated from the remainder of the storage by a clear space of 2.4 m.

Storage restrictions

5.3.1.5.  Matches shall not be stored within 3 m of any elevator shaft opening, stairway or other vertical opening.

SECTION 5.4  CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS

Subsection 5.4.1.  Displays

Advertising displays

5.4.1.1.  Displays of cellulose nitrate plastic articles in stores that are not in showcases or show windows shall be displayed only when placed on tables or counters not more than 1 m wide and 3 m long, and the spaces underneath the tables or counters shall be kept free of combustible materials.

Lighting fixtures

5.4.1.2.  Lighting fixtures shall not be located adjacent to any cellulose nitrate plastic material so as to create a possible ignition hazard.

Subsection 5.4.2.  Manufacture

Storage of raw materials

5.4.2.1.  Raw materials used in the manufacture of cellulose nitrate plastics shall be stored only in areas reserved for that purpose.

Storage in cabinets

5.4.2.2.  Not more than 450 kg of raw material used for the manufacture of finished cellulose nitrate plastic goods shall be stored in cabinets in any one workroom, not more than 225 kg stored in any one cabinet and not more than 112 kg in any one compartment of the cabinet.

Storage in vented vaults

5.4.2.3.  Raw material in excess of that permitted in Article 5.4.2.2. shall be kept in vented vaults not exceeding 40 m³ capacity and protected with an automatic sprinkler system installed in conformance with NFPA 13, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems".

Accumulation of materials in workrooms

5.4.2.4.  In factories manufacturing articles of cellulose nitrate plastics, sprinklered and vented cabinets, vaults or storage rooms shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of excessive quantities of such material in workrooms.

Stationing of operators

5.4.2.5.  In the workrooms of factories where cellulose nitrate plastics are being processed, operators shall be stationed not closer than 1 m apart.

Storage in work areas

5.4.2.6.  Material for the manufacture of cellulose nitrate plastic articles that is not kept in containers may be placed on tables, workbenches or at machines provided the quantity does not exceed one day's supply.

Storage limitations in workrooms

5.4.2.7.  The total amount of cellulose nitrate plastic materials, including the material in containers and on tables, in any one workroom shall not exceed 70 kg.

Waste material storage

5.4.2.8.  Waste cellulose nitrate plastic materials such as shavings, chips, turnings, sawdust edgings and trimmings shall be kept under water in metal receptacles until removed from the premises.

Subsection 5.4.3.  Storage of Finished Products

Ventilation

5.4.3.1.  Areas where cellulose nitrate plastic finished products are stored shall be ventilated so that any decomposition gases produced by the plastics will be vented outdoors to an area where they will not re-enter the building.

Heating appliance restrictions

5.4.3.2.  (1)  Cellulose nitrate plastics shall not be stored

(a) in rooms containing fuel-burning appliances or electrical heating elements, or

(b) within 600 mm of any steam pipe, radiator or chimney.

Storage vaults

5.4.3.3.  (1)  Where cellulose nitrate plastics in excess of 11 kg are stored in any fire compartment in a building, a vented cabinet or vault constructed in conformance with NFPA 40E, "Code for the Storage of Pyroxylin Plastic", and Articles 5.4.3.4. and 5.4.3.5. shall be provided for its storage.

(2)  Not more than 9000 kg of cellulose nitrate plastics shall be stored in any vault.

Storage up to 3400 kg

5.4.3.4.  (1)  Where quantities do not exceed 3400 kg, cellulose nitrate plastics shall be stored in a vault that

(a) has a fire-resistance rating of 1.5 h,

(b) is designed to resist an internal pressure of 3.5 kPa,

(c) is not greater than 40 m³ in volume,

(d) has explosion venting of 0.1 m² of venting area to the exterior for every cubic metre of vault volume, and

(e) is ventilated to the exterior to provide 200 cm² of ventilating area for each cubic metre of vault volume.

Storage in excess of 3400 kg

5.4.3.5.  (1)  Where quantities exceed 3400 kg but do not exceed 9000 kg, cellulose nitrate plastics shall be stored in a vault that

(a) has a 4 h fire-resistance rating,

(b) is designed to resist an internal pressure of 28 kPa,

(c) has explosion venting of 650 cm² of venting area to the exterior for every cubic metre of vault volume, and

(d) is ventilated to the exterior to provide 200 cm² of ventilating area for each cubic metre of vault volume.

Subsection 5.4.4.  Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film

Restricted use

5.4.4.1.  Cellulose nitrate motion picture film shall not be used, stored or handled in a place of public assembly.

Storage and handling

5.4.4.2.  Cellulose nitrate motion picture film shall be stored and handled in conformance with NFPA 40, "Standard for the Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film".

Storage when not in use

5.4.4.3.  When not in use, cellulose nitrate motion picture film shall be kept in closed, single-roll containers.

Subsection 5.4.5.  Fire Protection

Sprinkler systems

5.4.5.1.  The manufacture and storage of articles of cellulose nitrate plastic in quantities exceeding 45 kg shall be only in buildings equipped with a system of automatic sprinklers installed in conformance with NFPA 13, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems".

SECTION 5.5  RESERVED

SECTION 5.6  COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS

Subsection 5.6.1.  General

Alternative protection measures

5.6.1.1.  (1)  A requirement of this Section is deemed to be complied with if alternative protection measures are approved that, in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, will provide protection for life safety and health similar to the protection provided by compliance with the requirement.

(2)  A proposal for alternative protection measures referred to in Sentence (1) shall bear the signature and seal of a Professional Engineer or Architect, or both.

(3)  This Section does not apply to facilities at which compressed gases are manufactured or cylinders are filled or distributed if the storage and handling of the compressed gases is in conformance with

(a) CGA P-1, "Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers",

(b) NFPA 55, "Standard for the Storage, Use and Handling of Compressed and Liquefied Gases in Portable Cylinders", or

(c) a procedure that bears the signature and seal of a Professional Engineer.

(4)  Articles 5.6.2.1. to 5.6.2.4. do not apply where the amount of compressed gas stored does not exceed

(a) 25 kg of flammable compressed gas, or

(b) 150 kg of non-flammable compressed gas.

(5)  Despite Sentence (4), Articles 5.6.2.1. to 5.6.2.4. apply to any amount of poisonous or corrosive compressed gas.

Protection against mechanical damage

5.6.1.2.  (1)  Cylinders containing compressed gas shall be protected against mechanical damage.

(2)  Cylinders containing compressed gas shall be stored to hold them securely in place

(a) on racks,

(b) by nesting, or

(c) by approved methods or devices.

Acetylene cylinders

5.6.1.3.  Except when being transported, acetylene cylinders shall be kept in an upright position.

Valve damage

5.6.1.4.  Cylinders containing compressed gas which are in storage shall be protected against valve damage.

Temperature limitations

5.6.1.5.  Cylinders containing compressed gas shall be stored in areas where the ambient air temperature does not exceed 52°C.

Ventilation

5.6.1.6.  (1)  Where cylinders containing compressed gas are stored indoors, the storage areas or rooms shall be

(a) dry, and

(b) ventilated in accordance with Sentence 5.6.2.4.(4).

Oxygen cylinders

5.6.1.7.  Oil or grease shall not be used for the lubrication of valves or fittings on oxygen cylinders.

Subsection 5.6.2.  Storage

Outdoor storage of cylinders

5.6.2.1.  (1)  Cylinders containing compressed gases stored outdoors shall be

(a) supported on raised concrete or other noncombustible platforms,

(b) located in an enclosure used for the sole purpose of such storage, and

(c) surrounded by a fence in conformance with Sentence 5.6.2.2.(1).

(2)  Where a canopy is provided to protect outdoor storage in Sentence (1), the canopy shall be of noncombustible construction.

Fencing

5.6.2.2.  (1)  Fencing required in Article 5.6.2.1. shall be

(a) firmly anchored and substantially constructed,

(b) designed to discourage climbing,

(c) not less than 1.8 m high,

(d) provided with gates that shall be locked when the storage area is not staffed, and

(e) kept clear of obstructions so that gates may be fully opened at all times.

(2)  An outdoor storage area that exceeds 100 m² and is used for storage of cylinders containing compressed gas shall be arranged such that there is a clear space of not less than

(a) 30 m between stored products and brush or forested areas, and

(b) 6 m between stored products and uncontrolled grass or weeds.

Clearances from building openings

5.6.2.3.  (1)  Cylinders containing compressed gas and located outdoors shall be

(a) at least 1.5 m from any building opening if the aggregate capacity of expanded gas is not more than 170 m³,

(b) at least 7.5 m from any building opening if the aggregate capacity of expanded gas is over 170 m³ but not more than 500 m³, or

(c) at least 15 m from any building opening if the aggregate capacity of expanded gas is over 500 m³.

(2)  Sentence (1) does not apply if the building opening is into a room that conforms to Sentence 5.6.2.4.(1).

Indoor storage of flammable compressed gases

5.6.2.4.  (1)  Except as provided in Sentences (2), (3) and (5), cylinders containing flammable compressed gas stored indoors shall be located in a room that

(a) is separated from the remainder of the building by a gas-tight fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of at least 2 h,

(b) is located on an exterior wall of the building,

(c) can be entered from the exterior, and any closures into the interior of the building shall be

(i) equipped with self-closing devices in such a manner that the closures are kept closed when not in use, and

(ii) constructed so as to prevent migration of gases from the room into other parts of the building,

(d) is constructed so that an exterior wall provides explosion venting

(i) in the ratio of 0.2 m² for each cubic metre of room volume, or

(ii) in the ratio computed in accordance with NFPA 68, "Guide for Venting of Deflagrations", except in no case less than 650 cm² of vent area for each cubic metre of room volume,

(e) has ventilation conforming to Sentence (4),

(f) does not contain fuel-fired equipment or high temperature heating elements, and

(g) is used for no purpose other than the storage of compressed gas.

(2)  Cylinders of flammable, lighter than air compressed gas are permitted to be stored outside of a room described in Sentence (1) provided that the aggregate capacity per fire compartment of expanded gas outside of the room is not more than,

(a) 60 m³ in a building of combustible construction that is not sprinklered, and

(b) 170 m³ in a sprinklered building or in a building of noncombustible construction.

(3)  Cylinders of flammable compressed gas which are heavier than air may be stored in rooms other than those described in Sentence (1) if they are stored in a fire compartment having a fire-resistance rating of at least 45 min and

(a) the aggregate capacity does not exceed 100 kg,

(b) the number of cylinders does not exceed three,

(c) the cylinders are not located in the basement or other areas below grade, and

(d) the fire compartment has ventilation conforming to Sentence (4).

(4)  The ventilation required by Clauses (1)(e) and (3)(d) shall be

(a) mechanical ventilation to the outside that ensures at least one air change per hour, or

(b) natural ventilation to the outside through non-closeable louvred openings with

(i) at least one opening no more than 0.3 m from the ceiling and one opening no more than 0.3 m from the floor,

(ii) all openings at ceiling level having an aggregate free opening area of at least 0.2 m² per 100 m² of the floor area,

(iii) all openings at floor level having an aggregate free opening area of at least 0.2 m² per 100 m² of the floor area, and

(iv) the openings located to ensure cross ventilation.

(5)  "Single trip" non-refillable cylinders with water capacities of more than 375 g and less than 1.13 kg located within mercantile occupancies shall conform to the provisions stipulated in Ontario Regulation 211/01 (Propane Storage and Handling) made under the Technical Standards and Safety Act, 2000.

5.6.2.5.  RESERVED

Poisonous compressed gas

5.6.2.6.  Cylinders containing poisonous compressed gas shall not be stored in a room containing combustible or flammable material.

Reactive gases

5.6.2.7.  (1)  Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), cylinders containing compressed gases that may react with one another shall be stored in separate fire compartments separated by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of at least 1 h.

(2)  Cylinders containing compressed gases that are lighter than air and that may react with each other may be stored in the same fire compartment if they are separated

(a) by a distance of at least 7.5 m, or

(b) by a concrete or masonry wall having a height of at least 2.0 m and projecting at least 1.0 m beyond the cylinders.

(3)  Cylinders containing compressed gases that may react with each other and are heavier than air may be stored in the same fire compartment if they are separated

(a) by a distance of at least 15 m, or

(b) by a concrete or masonry wall having a height of at least 1.5 m, and projecting such that the minimum distance that vapour can travel between two cylinders of gases that may react with each other is not less than 15 m, measured horizontally.

Signs

5.6.2.8.  Storage rooms shall have exterior signs with minimum 50 mm high letters indicating the nature of the compressed gases.

SECTION 5.7  RESERVED

SECTION 5.8  RESERVED

SECTION 5.9  RESERVED

SECTION 5.10  COMBUSTIBLE DUST PRODUCING PROCESSES

Subsection 5.10.1.  Dust Collection

Mechanical exhaust systems

5.10.1.1.  (1)  This Section shall apply to buildings, parts of buildings, or equipment where combustible dusts are produced in quantities or concentrations that create an explosion or fire hazard.

(2)  Machinery that produces, agitates or conveys combustible dusts shall have or be connected to a mechanical exhaust system to the outside atmosphere and dust-tight casings or enclosures.

Accumulations of combustible dusts

5.10.1.2.  (1)  Building and machinery surfaces shall be kept clean of accumulations of combustible dusts using cleaning equipment that

(a) is made of materials that will not create electrostatic charges or sparks,

(b) is electrically conductive and bonded to ground, and

(c) except as permitted in Sentence (3), removes the dust to a safe location by vacuum.

(2)  When used in atmospheres containing combustible dusts, the cleaning equipment required in Sentence (1) shall be listed and labelled for use in atmospheres containing combustible dusts.

(3)  Where it is not possible to effectively remove dust by vacuum, it is permitted to use compressed air or other means which cause dust to be suspended in air during removal if, in the dust removal area,

(a) all sources of ignition are eliminated, and

(b) all machinery and equipment is de-energized, unless such equipment is listed and labelled for use in atmospheres containing combustible dusts.

Dust-collecting equipment

5.10.1.3.  Dust-collecting systems shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of dust and keep suspended dusts at a safe concentration inside a building.

Construction of dust-collecting equipment

5.10.1.4.  (1)  Dust-collecting systems shall be made of noncombustible material.

(2)  Dust-collecting systems shall be of a design which will prevent sparks due to physical contact in the fan assembly.

Location

5.10.1.5.  (1)  Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (5), a dust collector shall be located outside of a building.

(2)  A dust collector is permitted to be located inside a building if it is

(a) provided with explosion venting to the outdoors in conformance with NFPA 68, "Guide for Venting and Deflagrations",

(b) equipped with an automatic explosion prevention system, or

(c) located in a room

(i) with fire separations having a minimum 1 h fire-resistance rating,

(ii) provided with explosion venting to the outdoors, and

(iii) used solely for the housing of dust-collecting equipment.

(3)  Except for dust collectors described in Sentence (5), when air exhausted by a dust collector is returned to a building, the dust-collecting system shall be designed so that

(a) returned air will not create an explosion hazard inside the building, and

(b) the exhaust fan and ancillary equipment are automatically shut down in the event of a fire or an explosion inside the dust collector.

(4)  Existing explosion venting to the outdoors providing not less than 0.1 m² of vent area for each cubic metre of dust collector enclosure volume is deemed to be in compliance with Clause (2)(a).

(5)  Sentences (1) and (2) do not apply to dust collectors having a capacity of less than 0.47 m³/s and used on wood working operations, except for wood flour manufacturing.

Grounding

5.10.1.6.  Electrically-conducting parts of duct systems, dust collectors and the machines they serve shall be grounded.

Explosion venting

5.10.1.7.  (1)  Except as provided in Article 5.10.1.8., an activity that creates an explosive atmosphere of combustible dusts shall be located only in a building provided with explosion venting to the outdoors.

(2)  When explosion venting is required in this Section, it shall be designed to prevent critical structural and mechanical damage to the building in conformance with NFPA 68, "Guide for Venting of Deflagrations".

Explosion prevention system

5.10.1.8.  (1)  In processes where an explosion hazard is present and conditions exist that prevent adequate explosion venting as required in this Section, an explosion prevention system shall be provided.

(2)  When an explosion prevention system is required in this Section, it shall be designed in conformance with NFPA 69, "Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems".

Interlocks

5.10.1.9.  Equipment required to have a dust-collecting system shall be interlocked to prevent it from operating if the dust-collecting system is not in operation.

Air velocity

5.10.1.10.  Dust-collecting systems shall be designed for an air velocity in the ducts of at least 1068 m/min.

Vent stacks

5.10.1.11.  (1)  Permanently open vent stacks may be used to ventilate storage containers where mechanical dust-collecting systems are not practical, provided that the vent stacks

(a) have a cross-sectional area not less than twice that of spouts discharging into the container,

(b) are installed not more than 30 degrees from the vertical,

(c) extend from the top of the container to a point not less than 1.2 m above the roof, and

(d) are designed to prevent the entry of snow and rain.

Separators

5.10.1.12.  Magnetic or pneumatic separators shall be installed to prevent the entrance of foreign materials that may cause sparks in equipment such as shellers, crackers, crushers, grinding machines, pulverizers or similar machines that produce combustible dusts.

Grounding

5.10.1.13.  Machinery and metal parts of the equipment in Article 5.10.1.12. and related conveying systems shall be electrically grounded.

Ignition sources prohibited

5.10.1.14.  Smoking, open flame and spark-producing equipment shall not be allowed in areas containing combustible dust producing operations.

SECTION 5.11  COMBUSTIBLE FIBRES

Subsection 5.11.1.  Storage

Building sizes

5.11.1.1.  Buildings used for the storage and handling of baled combustible fibres shall comply with the height and area limitations of the Building Code for medium hazard industrial occupancies.

Loose fibre storage

5.11.1.2.  (1)  Up to 3 m³ of loose combustible fibres are permitted to be kept in a fire compartment provided they are stored in metal-lined bins equipped with self-closing metal-lined covers.

(2)  Quantities of loose combustible fibres exceeding 3 m³ but not exceeding 15 m³ shall be stored in rooms separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h.

(3)  Quantities of loose combustible fibres exceeding 15 m³ but not exceeding 30 m³ shall be stored in rooms separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h.

(4)  Quantities of loose combustible fibres that exceed 30 m³ shall be stored in an individual room that is

(a) sprinklered, and

(b) separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h.

(5)  The individual storage areas for combustible fibres described in Sentence (4) shall not exceed 250 m².

Baled fibre storage

5.11.1.3.  (1)  Baled combustible fibres shall be stored so that

(a) a single pile will not contain more than 700 m³,

(b) the maximum height of any single pile will not exceed 4.5 m,

(c) piles are separated by aisles not less than 1.5 m wide, and

(d) the clearance between piles and building walls is not less than 1 m.

Baled storage piles

5.11.1.4.  The sides of baled storage piles shall be inclined back from the base of the pile with a slope of not less than 1 m for each 10 m of height.

Clearance to sprinklers and structural framing

5.11.1.5.  (1)  The clearance between sprinkler head deflectors and the tops of piles shall not be less than 457 mm.

(2)  Where the storage piles are above the lower chords of floor or roof structural framing members, a horizontal clear space of 300 mm shall be maintained between the storage and the structural members.

Heating equipment

5.11.1.6.  (1)  Unless controlled in a manner that will not create a fire or explosion hazard, fuel-fired appliances and electrical heating elements shall not be permitted in a storage area for combustible fibres.

(2)  Shields shall be provided that will prevent stored material from coming within 300 mm of any part of a heating system heat distribution network.

Subsection 5.11.2.  Fire Protection

Standpipe and hose system installations

5.11.2.1.  Combustible fibres shall be stored only in warehouses which are protected by standpipe and hose systems installed in conformance with the Building Code.

Portable extinguishers

5.11.2.2.  Portable extinguishers shall be provided in conformance with Section 6.2.

Smoke vents

5.11.2.3.  Where combustible fibres are stored in buildings, automatic smoke venting hatches manually operable from remote locations and having a combined opening area of 64 cm² for each square metre of floor area shall be provided.

SECTION 5.12  SPRAY APPLICATIONS USING FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS

Subsection 5.12.1.  Location

Separation for spray operations

5.12.1.1.  Spray operations shall be separated from the remainder of the building in conformance with the Building Code, where applicable.

Subsection 5.12.2.  Construction

General

5.12.2.1.  (1)  A spray booth shall consist of a steel frame covered with sheet steel having a minimum thickness of 1.14 mm, or be of equivalent noncombustible construction.

(2)  The interior surfaces of a spray booth shall be smooth and continuous.

(3)  The floor of a spray booth and the operator's working area shall be of noncombustible materials.

Baffle plates

5.12.2.2.  (1)  Spray booth baffle plates shall be of noncombustible material and be removable or arranged to facilitate cleaning.

(2)  Spray booth baffle plates shall not be located in exhaust ducts.

Overspray collection

5.12.2.3.  (1)  A spray booth shall be provided with overspray collection, such as filters or water wash, to prevent build-up of combustible deposits on the exhaust fan and ductwork.

(2)  Where filters are used as for overspray collection, supports and holders for the filters shall be constructed of noncombustible materials.

(3)  Overspray collection filters shall be readily removable or accessible for cleaning or replacement.

(4)  Filters shall not be alternately used for different types of coating materials if the combination of materials might result in spontaneous heating or ignition.

(5)  Maintenance procedures shall be established to ensure that overspray collection filters are replaced before excessive restriction to airflow occurs.

(6)  Overspray collectors shall be inspected after each period of use and clogged filters shall be discarded and replaced.

(7)  Water-wash collection shall be used when applying materials known to be highly susceptible to spontaneous heating or spontaneous ignition.

Fan blades and casings

5.12.2.4.  Fan blades and casings in exhaust blowers for spray booths shall be non-ferrous, or the fan shall be constructed so that a movement of the wheel or shaft will not permit two ferrous parts of the fan to rub or strike together.

Subsection 5.12.3.  Ventilation

Ventilation

5.12.3.1.  (1)  Ventilation shall be provided in all spraying areas to maintain

(a) the concentration of flammable vapours at or below 25% of their lower explosive limit, and

(b) the concentration of combustible dusts at or below 50% of their minimum explosible concentration or 15g/m³ when the minimum explosible concentration cannot be established.

Exhaust for spray booths

5.12.3.2.  Except as provided in Article 5.12.3.3., the exhaust air velocity at the face of the spray booth shall be at least 30 m/min.

Exhaust for electrostatic spraying

5.12.3.3.  Electrostatic spraying shall have an exhaust air velocity of at least 18 m/min at the face of the spray booth.

Combined ducting

5.12.3.4.  A separate exhaust duct shall be provided for each spray booth, except that a common duct may be used if it serves spray booths having a combined open frontal area of not more than 1.8 m².

Exhaust air

5.12.3.5.  Air exhausted from spray operations shall not be recirculated, except where recirculation is acceptable, as described in NFPA 33, "Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials".

Monitoring air velocity

5.12.3.6.  (1)  Gauges or alarms that indicate when the air velocity is less than the air velocity required by Article 5.12.3.2. or 5.12.3.3. shall be installed for spray booths.

(2)  When the gauge or alarm indicates that the air velocity is less than that required by Article 5.12.3.2. or 5.12.3.3., immediate corrective action shall be taken to remedy the condition that has resulted in the reduction of the ventilation.

Subsection 5.12.4.  Exhaust Ducts

Duct support and construction

5.12.4.1.  Exhaust ducts for spray booths shall be securely supported and constructed of sheet steel in conformance with Table 5.12.4.A.

TABLE 5.12.4.A.

Forming Part of Article 5.12.4.1.

Clearances

5.12.4.2.  Except as provided in Article 5.12.4.3., a clearance of 457 mm shall be maintained between ducts venting spray booths and unprotected combustible material.

Collars

5.12.4.3.  (1)  Where exhaust ducts pass through combustible roofs or partitions, metal collars shall provide not less than a 100 mm clearance between the duct and combustible material.

(2)  The space between the duct and combustible material shall be sealed with noncombustible insulating material.

Access doors

5.12.4.4.  Exhaust ducts for spray booths shall be provided with access doors for cleaning purposes.

Exhaust outlet locations

5.12.4.5.  (1)  Except for water-wash types, the exhaust outlet to atmosphere from spray booths shall

(a) be 1.8 m from any combustible exterior wall or roof, and

(b) be located so that the air does not discharge toward any combustible surface or unprotected opening within 7.5 m.

Subsection 5.12.5.  Electrical Equipment

Electrical equipment

5.12.5.1.  Electrical equipment within the spraying area, including lighting fixtures, shall conform to Part 1, Sections 18 and 20 of the Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998.

Motors for exhaust fans

5.12.5.2.  Electric motors for exhaust fans shall not be placed inside spray booths or ducts.

Grounding

5.12.5.3.  Metal parts of spray booths, exhaust ducts and piping systems conveying flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be electrically grounded.

Subsection 5.12.6.  Flammable Liquids and Combustible Liquids

Storage and handling

5.12.6.1.  Flammable liquids and combustible liquids for use in spraying areas shall be stored and handled in conformance with Part 4, and at no time shall the amount of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in the spraying areas exceed one day's supply.

Paint storage

5.12.6.2.  Flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be kept in closed containers when not in use.

Thinners and solvents

5.12.6.3.  Thinners and solvents shall be dispensed only from listed and labelled safety cans.

Pump discharge relief valves

5.12.6.4.  Where flammable liquids are supplied to spray nozzles by positive displacement pumps, the pump discharge line shall be provided with a suitable relief valve discharging to the pump suction or to a safe remote location.

Subsection 5.12.7.  Control of Fire Hazards

Interlocks

5.12.7.1.  The spraying equipment for a spray booth shall be interlocked to shut down in the event of failure of the ventilation system, failure of the circulating water pump of a water-wash system or failure of the filter roll-down mechanism of a dry spray booth.

Cleaning and residue disposal

5.12.7.2.  (1)  The inner surface of spray booths shall be cleaned of combustible residue as often as necessary to prevent a fire hazard.

(2)  Combustible residue from cleaning operations shall, on the same day as the cleaning operations, be removed from the premises or placed in receptacles conforming to Sentence 2.4.1.3.(3).

Filter pads and rolls

5.12.7.3.  Discarded filter pads and filter rolls shall be removed to a safe location or placed in a water-filled metal container and disposed of after each day's operation.

Filters prohibited

5.12.7.4.  A water-wash spray booth shall be used when applying spray material that is susceptible to spontaneous heating.

Heating equipment

5.12.7.5.  Space-heating appliances, steam pipes and other hot surfaces shall not be located in an area subject to accumulation of deposits of combustible residue from spray-coating operations.

Ignition sources

5.12.7.6.  Open flame or spark producing devices shall not be used within a spraying area, unless separated therefrom by a vapour-tight fire separation having a 1 h fire-resistance rating.

Subsection 5.12.8.  Fire Protection Equipment

Portable extinguishers

5.12.8.1.  Portable extinguishers shall be installed near spraying areas in conformance with Section 6.2.

Sprinkler installations

5.12.8.2.  (1)  Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided in each spraying area, spray booth and spray room in conformance with NFPA 13, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems".

(2)  Where spraying operations are confined within a spray booth, fire protection may be provided for the spray booth only, in conformance with NFPA 33, "Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials".

(3)  This Article does not apply where the existing situation is approved and does not endanger life safety, or approved alternative measures to the requirements set out in this Article are taken to provide life safety.

Sprinkler head protection

5.12.8.3.  (1)  Sprinkler heads in spray booths shall be protected with lightweight paper or thin polyethylene bags.

(2)  Bags protecting sprinkler heads shall be replaced before they have accumulated excessive deposits.

Subsection 5.12.9.  Drying Operations

Spray booths used for drying

5.12.9.1.  Except as permitted in Article 5.12.9.4., spray booths, spray rooms or other enclosures used for spraying operations shall not be used for drying by any arrangement that could cause an increase in the surface temperatures of the spray booths, spray rooms or other enclosures.

Location of equipment

5.12.9.2.  Except as provided in Articles 5.12.9.3. and 5.12.9.4., drying or curing equipment that utilizes components capable of producing ignition, such as an open flame, a spark, or a hot surface, shall not be installed in or near a spraying area.

Location near spraying area

5.12.9.3.  (1)  Equipment described in Article 5.12.9.2. may be installed in an area adjacent to the spraying area provided the adjacent area is equipped with a ventilating system arranged to

(a) purge the drying space before the heating system can be started,

(b) maintain the atmosphere at any source of ignition at or below 25% of the lower explosive limit of any combustible or flammable materials in use, and

(c) automatically shut down the heating system in the event of failure of the ventilating system.

Spray booths used for drying

5.12.9.4.  (1)  Spray booths may be used for drying operations where

(a) the spray booth conforms to the appropriate requirements for drying ovens in Section 5.18,

(b) the interior of the enclosure is kept reasonably free of overspray deposits,

(c) portable drying apparatus, if used, is of the infrared type, and such apparatus, wiring and connections are removed from the enclosure during spraying operations, and

(d) interlocks are installed to

(i) prevent the use of spraying apparatus while the drying operation is taking place,

(ii) provide for the purging of the enclosure of spray vapours for a minimum of 3 min before the drying apparatus can be energized,

(iii) ensure that the ventilating system maintains the concentration of flammable vapours at or below 25% of the lower explosive limit within the enclosure during the drying process, and

(iv) ensure that the drying apparatus will automatically shut off in the event of failure of the ventilating system.

SECTION 5.13  DIP TANKS

Subsection 5.13.1.  Location

Room design

5.13.1.1.  Dip tank operations involving flammable liquids or combustible liquids where the quantity exceeds 45 L or the liquid surface area exceeds 0.42 m² shall be conducted in a room designed for that purpose and separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a 2 h fire-resistance rating.

Prohibition for basements

5.13.1.2.  Dip tanks shall not be located in basements.

Subsection 5.13.2.  Construction

Floors

5.13.2.1.  The floor of any room where dip tanks are located shall be made liquid-tight with material that is impervious to the liquid in the tank, have permanent curbs and be drained to a place of safe discharge.

Materials

5.13.2.2.  (1)  Dip tanks and drain boards shall be constructed of noncombustible material with steel, reinforced concrete or masonry supports.

(2)  Drain boards shall be arranged to drain back to the dip tank.

Height above floor

5.13.2.3.  The top of a dip tank shall not be less than 150 mm above the floor of the room in which it is located.

Cover construction

5.13.2.4.  Dip tank covers as required in Articles 5.13.6.2. and 5.13.6.3. shall be of noncombustible materials.

Cover design

5.13.2.5.  Dip tank covers shall overlap the sides of the tank by 25 mm and shall have a recess or flange extending down around the tank.

Cover maintenance

5.13.2.6.  Dip tank covers shall be maintained in good operating condition.

Subsection 5.13.3.  Overflow and Drain Pipes

Liquid levels

5.13.3.1.  The liquid level in a dip tank shall be kept not less than 150 mm below the top of the tank.

Overflow pipes

5.13.3.2.  Dip tanks having a capacity in excess of 550 L or having a liquid surface area in excess of 1 m² shall be equipped with a properly trapped overflow pipe that leads to a safe location outside the building or to a closed, vented salvage tank conforming to Subsection 5.13.4.

Location of overflow

5.13.3.3.  The centre line of the overflow connection to a dip tank shall be 150 mm below the top of the tank.

Overflow size

5.13.3.4.  Overflow pipe sizes for dip tanks shall conform to Table 5.13.3.A.

TABLE 5.13.3.A.

Forming Part of Article 5.13.3.4.

Overflow connection

5.13.3.5.  Overflow pipes shall be connected to dip tanks by a flared outlet.

Piping connections

5.13.3.6.  Piping connections for drains and overflow lines shall be designed so as to allow for easy access to their interiors for cleaning purposes.

Bottom drains

5.13.3.7.  Dip tanks of over 2300 L liquid capacity shall be equipped with bottom drains capable of being operated both automatically and manually to drain the tank quickly in the event of fire.

Salvage tank

5.13.3.8.  Bottom drains from dip tanks shall be trapped and shall discharge to a closed, vented salvage tank.

Drain size

5.13.3.9.  Bottom drain sizes for dip tanks shall conform to Table 5.13.3.B.

TABLE 5.13.3.B.

Forming Part of Article 5.13.3.9.

Manual operation of bottom drains

5.13.3.10.  Manual operation of bottom drains shall be from an accessible location not affected by a fire in or around the dip tank.

Automatic pumps

5.13.3.11.  Where gravity flow is not practical, automatic pumps shall be installed on drain lines from dip tanks.

Pump for salvage tank

5.13.3.12.  Where salvage tanks are used, pumping arrangements shall be provided for the transfer of their contents for disposal.

Subsection 5.13.4.  Salvage Tanks

Use

5.13.4.1.  Salvage tanks shall be used only for temporary storage purposes.

Capacity

5.13.4.2.  The capacity of a salvage tank shall be 20% greater than the capacity of the dip tank or tanks to which it is connected.

Location

5.13.4.3.  Salvage tanks shall be located underground outside the building, or inside a building in an enclosure separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h.

Subsection 5.13.5.  Control of Fire Hazards

Ventilation

5.13.5.1.  Ventilation shall be provided to confine all flammable vapour concentrations exceeding 25% of the lower explosive limit to within 600 mm of the dip tank, drain board and freshly coated work.

Interlock for dipping conveyor

5.13.5.2.  Ventilating systems shall be arranged so that the failure of any ventilation fan as sensed by air flow will automatically stop the dipping conveyor systems and sound an alarm.

Interlock for heating

5.13.5.3.  The heating system used in drying operations shall be interlocked so that it cannot be started until the associated ventilation system is in operation.

Conveyor systems

5.13.5.4.  Conveyor systems utilized in conjunction with dip tanks shall be designed to stop automatically with the actuation of an automatic fixed extinguishing system or a manual fire alarm.

Purging interlocks

5.13.5.5.  Where there is a possible source of ignition in a drying operation, interlocks shall be installed to provide for purging before the heating system can be started and for automatic shutdown if the ventilation system should fail.

Electrical installations

5.13.5.6.  Where flammable liquids and combustible liquids contained in dip tanks are heated or have a flash point below 43°C, the electrical installation shall conform to the Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998.

Flammable and combustible liquids

5.13.5.7.  (1)  The storage and handling of flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be in conformance with Part 4.

(2)  The total number of containers for flammable liquids and combustible liquids in a dip tank area shall not exceed that required for one day's operations.

Ignition sources

5.13.5.8.  Smoking, open flames, spark-producing devices and heated surfaces having a temperature sufficient to ignite vapours shall not be permitted in the vapour area of a dip tank.

Signs prohibiting smoking

5.13.5.9.  Signs that prohibit smoking and that conform to Article 2.4.3.2. shall be posted conspicuously in the vicinity of dip tanks.

Subsection 5.13.6.  Fire Protection

Automatic sprinklers

5.13.6.1.  Dip tanks shall be located only in rooms protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed in conformance with NFPA 13, "Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems".

Tank covers and extinguishing systems

5.13.6.2.  (1)  Dip tanks with over 550 L capacity or with over 1 m² liquid surface area shall be protected by

(a) a cover actuated by a device that

(i) automatically closes the cover in the event of a fire, and

(ii) permits manual operation of the cover, or

(b) an approved automatic extinguishing system of a water spray, foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical type.

Flammable liquids or combustible liquids

5.13.6.3.  Dip tanks containing either a flammable liquid or combustible liquid with a flash point less than 43°C or a heated combustible liquid giving off flammable vapours shall conform to Article 5.13.6.2. when the capacity exceeds 45 L or when the liquid surface area exceeds 0.4 m².

Portable extinguishers

5.13.6.4.  Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be provided with portable extinguishers in conformance with Section 6.2.

SECTION 5.14  SPECIAL PROCESSES INVOLVING FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS

Subsection 5.14.1.  Quench Tanks

Location

5.14.1.1.  (1)  Quench tanks shall be located as far as practical from annealing, hardening and tempering furnaces.

(2)  Quench tanks shall not be located on or near combustible floors.

Hoods and vents

5.14.1.2.  Quench tanks shall be provided with a noncombustible hood and vent exhausting to the outside to prevent the accumulation and condensation of vapours from the process.

Vent design

5.14.1.3.  Vents for quench tanks shall conform to the requirements for flue pipes in Section 2.6.

High temperature limit switches

5.14.1.4.  (1)  A high temperature limit switch shall be provided to sound an alarm, shut off heat and stop conveyors when a flammable liquid or combustible liquid reaches 28°C below its flash point in a quench tank.

(2)  The temperature-sensing element for the high temperature limit switch in Sentence (1) shall be located close to the surface of the liquid and be protected from damage.

Electrical installations

5.14.1.5.  Electrical installations conforming to the requirements for dip tanks in Article 5.13.5.6. shall be provided for quench tanks of over 1900 L capacity whose liquid surface area exceeds 2.5 m².

Air pressure

5.14.1.6.  Air under pressure shall not be used to fill or agitate oil in quench tanks.

Working temperatures

5.14.1.7.  A quench tank shall be designed so that the maximum workload is incapable of raising the working temperature of the cooling medium to within 28°C of its flash point.

Subsection 5.14.2.  Flow-Coating Operations

Application of dip tank requirements

5.14.2.1.  (1)  The requirements in Section 5.13 for dip tanks shall also apply to flow-coating operations.

(2)  The sump area and any area on which coating liquid flows shall be considered as the dip tank area and shall conform to the applicable provisions in Section 5.13.

Mechanical ventilation

5.14.2.2.  Mechanical ventilation shall be provided at the rate of 63 m³ of fresh air per litre of solvent used.

Vapour concentration

5.14.2.3.  Ventilation shall be arranged so that the flammable vapour concentration exceeding 25% of the lower explosive limit will be confined to within 600 mm of the paint stream and drain area, freshly coated work and the drip tunnel bottom.

Interlocks

5.14.2.4.  The ventilation system required in Articles 5.14.2.2. and 5.14.2.3. shall be interlocked to shut off the coating liquid supply whenever ventilation fans are shut down.

Supply

5.14.2.5.  (1)  Flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be supplied by

(a) direct low pressure pumping arranged to shut down automatically by means of listed and labelled devices in the event of fire, or

(b) a gravity tank not exceeding 45 L in capacity.

Subsection 5.14.3.  Roll-Coating Processes

Application of dip tank requirements

5.14.3.1.  Section 5.13 shall apply to coating operations where flammable liquids or combustible liquids are applied to products or materials by bringing them into contact with a roller that is coated with the coating liquid.

Grounding

5.14.3.2.  (1)  Rotating parts shall be grounded.

(2)  Static collectors shall be installed where the material being coated leaves each rotating part.

Location

5.14.3.3.  Operations involving materials that have been freshly coated with a liquid containing solvents having a flash point less than 43°C shall be located in sprinklered rooms that are separated from other occupancies by fire separations having a 2 h fire-resistance rating.

Subsection 5.14.4.  Electrostatic Spraying and Detearing Equipment

Equipment location

5.14.4.1.  (1)  Electrical components, including transformers, power packs and control equipment for electrostatic spray applications or for the electrostatic removal of excess coating material (detearing), shall be located in an area where the vapour concentration of flammable liquids or combustible liquids cannot exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit.

(2)  Sentence (1) does not apply to high voltage grids and their connections.

Interlocks

5.14.4.2.  (1)  Electrostatic spraying and detearing equipment shall be provided with automatic controls that will operate without a time delay to disconnect power to high voltage transformers and to signal the operator when

(a) stoppage of the air supply, ventilating fan or conveyor system occurs,

(b) there is a ground at any point on the high voltage system, or

(c) clearances are reduced below those specified in Article 5.14.4.4.

Insulators

5.14.4.3.  Insulators shall be kept clean and dry.

Clearances

5.14.4.4.  (1)  A space equivalent to twice the sparking distance shall be maintained between articles being painted or deteared and electrodes or conductors.

(2)  A sign shall be conspicuously posted near an electrical assembly stating the maximum sparking distance.

Drip plates and screens

5.14.4.5.  Drip plates and screens subject to paint deposits shall be removable for cleaning.

Insulating and grounding

5.14.4.6.  High voltage components, including atomizing heads, shall be insulated and protected against mechanical damage and accidental contact or grounding.

Automatic grounding

5.14.4.7.  An automatic means shall be provided for grounding the electrode system when it is de-energized.

Operating distances

5.14.4.8.  Items being electrostatically sprayed shall not be held by hand nor suspended in such a manner as to reduce the proper operating distance from the atomizing heads.

Distance to processing areas

5.14.4.9.  Electrostatic spraying equipment shall be located 1.5 m from processing equipment and isolated from other areas by grounded guards and fences of conducting material.

Surface temperatures

5.14.4.10.  The surface temperature of equipment in a spraying area shall not exceed 66°C.

Precautions against shock

5.14.4.11.  High voltage circuits shall be designed so that any discharge occurring will not ignite vapour-air mixtures or create a shock hazard.

Spray gun energy supply

5.14.4.12.  The energy supply to hand spray guns shall be controlled by a switch that also controls the coating material supply.

Spray gun operation

5.14.4.13.  Spray gun handles shall be grounded and have a metallic connection that is in direct contact with the operator's hand during spraying.

Grounding

5.14.4.14.  All electrically conductive objects in the spraying area shall be grounded, and a sign shall be posted indicating the need for such grounding.

Paint accumulations

5.14.4.15.  Hooks and other supports for sprayed items shall be kept clean and free of paint.

Warning signs

5.14.4.16.  Signs designating the spraying area as dangerous shall be conspicuously posted.

Fixed extinguishing equipment

5.14.4.17.  Spraying areas shall be located in rooms protected by listed and labelled automatic fixed extinguishing equipment.

Subsection 5.14.5.  Automobile Undercoating

Spray operations

5.14.5.1.  Automobile undercoating spray operations shall conform to the requirements of Section 5.12 or to the requirements in this Subsection.

Undercoating materials

5.14.5.2.  (1)  Automobile undercoating materials shall have a flash point of not less than 37.8°C.

(2)  Where the flash point of an automobile undercoating is less than 60°C, it shall be applied in a work area where

(a) there are no work pits,

(b) there is a fan, that provides mechanical ventilation during the application, cleaning and drying cycles,

(i) with nonferrous blades, or so constructed that a movement of the wheel or shaft will not permit two ferrous parts of the fan to rub or strike, and

(ii) that ensures that the concentration of vapour does not exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit,

(c) air movement from the air intake and exhaust system is along the length of the vehicle being undercoated, and

(d) air is exhausted at a level approximately 1 m above the floor.

Ignition sources

5.14.5.3.  (1)  Work stations in Article 5.14.5.2. shall have no source of ignition located within 6 m horizontally of the work area or in the area above it.

(2)  Signs prohibiting smoking that conform to Article 2.4.3.2. shall be posted at the outer limits of the work area.

Electrical installations

5.14.5.4.  Except for overhead lighting that is totally enclosed and sealed with gaskets, electrical wiring and equipment within the area of hazard described in Article 5.14.5.3. shall conform to Article 5.1.3.1.

Storage and handling

5.14.5.5.  The storage and handling of flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be in conformance with Part 4.

Portable extinguishers

5.14.5.6.  Portable extinguishers shall be located so that there is one portable extinguisher having a 20B:C rating immediately accessible to each work station described in Article 5.14.5.2.

Refuse disposal

5.14.5.7.  All areas where automobile undercoating is used shall be kept clean of undercoating deposits and refuse, which shall be placed in covered metal receptacles.

Subsection 5.14.6.  Dry Powder Finishing

Application and location

5.14.6.1.  (1)  This Subsection shall apply to coating operations involving the use of combustible dry powders applied by powder spray guns, electrostatic powder spray guns, fluidized beds or electrostatic fluidized beds.

(2)  Coating operations referred to in Sentence (1) shall be performed in

(a) ventilated, enclosed, powder-coating rooms of noncombustible construction, or

(b) spray booths conforming to Article 5.12.2.1.

(3)  Protective finishing systems designed, operated and maintained in conformance with NFPA 33, "Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials", are deemed to be in compliance with this Subsection.

(4)  Despite Sentence (3), electrical installations shall conform to the Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998.

Location of electrical equipment

5.14.6.2.  With the exception of charging electrodes and their connections, transformers, power packs, control apparatus and all other electrical components shall be located outside the powder-coating area.

Working temperatures

5.14.6.3.  (1)  Where a part to be coated is preheated prior to the application of the powder, the temperature of the part shall not exceed the ignition temperature of the powder being used.

(2)  The surface temperature of electrostatic fluidized bed coating areas shall not exceed 66°C.

Grounding

5.14.6.4.  (1)  Powder transport, application and recovery equipment shall be grounded.

(2)  Electrically conductive objects within the charging influence of the electrodes of electrostatic fluidized beds shall be grounded.

(3)  A sign shall be posted indicating the necessity of grounding equipment and objects identified in Sentences (1) and (2).

Electrical discharges

5.14.6.5.  High voltage circuits in electrostatic fluidized beds shall be designed so that any discharge produced when the charging electrodes of the bed are approached or contacted by a grounded object will not be of sufficient intensity to ignite any powder-air mixture likely to be encountered or result in any appreciable shock hazard.

Separators

5.14.6.6.  Separators shall be used to prevent tramp iron or other spark-producing materials from being introduced into the powders being applied.

Recovery systems

5.14.6.7.  All waste air-suspended powders shall be removed by exhaust ducts to a powder recovery system and shall not be released to the outside atmosphere.

Vacuum cleaning

5.14.6.8.  Accumulations of waste dust from dry powder finishes shall be removed by vacuum cleaning equipment.

Contact points

5.14.6.9.  Objects being coated shall be maintained in contact with the conveyor or other support.

Hangers

5.14.6.10.  Hangers for objects being coated shall be kept clean and have sharp points or edges at areas of contact.

Smoking prohibited

5.14.6.11.  (1)  Smoking shall not be permitted at powder-coating areas and in powder storage rooms.

(2)  Signs prohibiting smoking that conform to Article 2.4.3.2. shall be conspicuously posted at all powder-coating areas and powder storage rooms.

Subsection 5.14.7.  Organic Peroxides and Dual Component Coatings

Location of spraying operations

5.14.7.1.  Spraying operations involving the use of organic peroxides and other dual component coatings shall be conducted in sprinklered spray booths as described in Sentence 5.12.8.2.(1).

Initiator storage

5.14.7.2.  Organic peroxide initiators shall be stored so that they will be kept away from contact with other stored materials.

Handling equipment

5.14.7.3.  Handling equipment, including spray guns, which is specifically designed for use with organic peroxides shall be used to apply such coatings.

Containers

5.14.7.4.  Separate containers shall be used exclusively for the storage of resin and organic peroxide.

Pressure tank inserts

5.14.7.5.  Organic peroxide pressure tank inserts shall be constructed of stainless steel, polyethylene or a material that is equally inert to organic peroxide.

Elimination of foreign materials

5.14.7.6.  Precautions shall be taken to prevent any mixing of foreign materials with dusts or overspray residues resulting from the sanding or spraying of finishing materials containing organic peroxides.

Subsection 5.14.8.  Floor Finishing

Application

5.14.8.1.  Floor finishing operations involving the use of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall conform to Part 4 and this Subsection.

Operations below grade

5.14.8.2.  Floor finishing operations involving the use of flammable liquids shall not be performed below grade.

Public access

5.14.8.3.  Any part of a building where floor finishing operations are done shall not be open to the public.

Ventilation

5.14.8.4.  (1)  Ventilation shall be provided in areas where floor finishing operations are done to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapours.

(2)  Ventilation required in Sentence (1) is permitted to be provided by mechanical systems if their use does not constitute a source of ignition.

Sources of ignition

5.14.8.5.  All mechanical systems, electric motors, and other equipment which might be a source of ignition shall be shut down, and smoking and the use of open flames shall be prohibited, during the application of flammable liquids and for at least 1 h after such application.

Waste receptacles

5.14.8.6.  A receptacle conforming to Sentence 2.4.1.3.(3) shall be provided for all waste rags and materials used in operations involving flammable liquids or combustible liquids, and the contents shall be removed daily and disposed of in a manner that will not create a fire hazard.

SECTION 5.15  RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

Subsection 5.15.1.  Application

Application

5.15.1.1.  This Section applies to the storage and handling of radioactive material that emits ionizing radiation and that is present in quantities in excess of the scheduled quantity as defined in Schedule I of the Atomic Energy Control Regulations made under the Atomic Energy Control Act (Canada).

Subsection 5.15.2.  Storage

5.15.2.1.  Radioactive materials and equipment shall be returned to storage after use.

Storage

5.15.2.2.  Radioactive materials shall be stored in accordance with the licence requirements and regulations of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission.

Prohibited combination

5.15.2.3.  Radioactive materials and equipment shall not be stored with flammable or corrosive materials.

Subsection 5.15.3.  Emergency Procedures

Fire emergency procedures

5.15.3.1.  (1)  Persons using or storing radioactive materials shall establish fire emergency procedures in consultation with the fire department, including

(a) the location and identification of storage and use areas,

(b) methods to control a fire emergency and to recover radioactive materials and equipment containing radioactive materials safely and efficiently,

(c) the names, addresses and telephone numbers of primary and alternative sources of expert radiation safety advice and assistance, and

(d) the location of primary and alternative sources of radiation survey instruments.

SECTION 5.16  FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING

Subsection 5.16.1.  Application

Application

5.16.1.1.  (1)  This Section applies to the fumigation or thermal fogging of buildings where this activity creates a fire or explosion hazard, including the fumigation of equipment or commodities within structures, tanks or bins or under tarpaulins.

(2)  Articles 5.16.2.1. and 5.16.2.2. do not apply to industries that conduct frequent fumigation operations on a routine basis where approved prior to the conducting of the operations.

Subsection 5.16.2.  Safety Precautions

Notification of fire department

5.16.2.1.  (1)  Except as permitted in Sentence 5.16.1.1.(2), the fire department shall

(a) be notified in writing at least 24 h before any building is to be closed for fumigation, and

(b) be advised of the chemicals to be used, the proposed date and time of use, the types of respiratory protective devices required and the degree of flammability of the fumigant or fog being used.

Notification of adjacent premises

5.16.2.2.  Except as permitted in Sentence 5.16.1.1.(2), prior notice shall be given to the occupants of any premises adjacent to that in which fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging is to take place.

Ignition sources

5.16.2.3.  Flames and other sources of ignition shall be eliminated in a building undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging.

Power supply

5.16.2.4.  Electric power supply shall be shut off to the premises undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging.

Air temperature

5.16.2.5.  The air temperature in a building undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging shall be kept sufficiently low to prevent the actuation of any sprinkler system.

Breathing apparatus

5.16.2.6.  Protective breathing apparatus shall be made available at the premises undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging for all persons in case of emergency.

Restricted entrance

5.16.2.7.  (1)  No unauthorized person shall be permitted to enter a premises undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging until the premises has been ventilated and is safe.

(2)  Warning signs shall be posted in a conspicuous location near every entrance to the premises being fumigated.

(3)  One person shall be on duty at each entrance to the premises undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging to prevent any unauthorized person from entering until such premises have been ventilated.

SECTION 5.17  WELDING AND CUTTING

Subsection 5.17.1.  General

Protection of persons and property

5.17.1.1.  The protection of persons and property from injury or damage by fire or other causes arising from electric and gas welding and cutting equipment or its installation, operation and maintenance shall conform to CSA-W117.2, "Code for Safety in Welding and Cutting", and to the requirements in this Section.

Subsection 5.17.2.  Use and Maintenance of Equipment

Fuel gases

5.17.2.1.  The operation of acetylene generating systems and the storage and generation of welding fuel gases shall conform to NFPA 51, "Standard for the Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes", Chapter 6.

Piping

5.17.2.2.  Acetylene gas shall not be piped through copper or high copper content alloy, tubing, piping or fittings.

Cylinder storage

5.17.2.3.  Cylinders stored inside buildings shall conform to the requirements in Section 5.6.

Cylinder caps and valves

5.17.2.4.  Gas fuel cylinders, whether full or empty, whose valves are not in a recessed or protected location shall have their caps in place and their valves tightly closed when not in actual use.

Damaged equipment

5.17.2.5.  Torches, regulators, hoses and other oxyacetylene welding and cutting equipment which have been damaged shall not be used.

Equipment inspection

5.17.2.6.  (1)  Welding equipment shall be inspected daily or prior to use for defects by personnel in charge of the equipment.

(2)  Welding and cutting equipment shall be tested monthly for leaks with a leak test solution.

(3)  Leaks or defects found in welding and cutting equipment shall be repaired prior to use.

Equipment not in use

5.17.2.7.  Valves shall be closed and lines bled when equipment is not in actual use.

Lubrication

5.17.2.8.  Oil or grease shall not be used for lubrication of welding and cutting equipment.

Subsection 5.17.3.  Prevention of Fires

Location of operations

5.17.3.1.  (1)  Welding and cutting operations in buildings shall be carried out in areas that

(a) are free of combustible and flammable contents, and

(b) have walls, ceilings and floors of noncombustible construction or that are lined with noncombustible materials.

(2)  When it is not practical to undertake welding and cutting operations in areas described in Sentence (1), combustible and flammable materials shall either be kept at least 11 m from the work area or otherwise protected against ignition by sheet metal, asbestos blankets or other noncombustible material.

(3)  Any process or activity that produces flammable gases or vapours, combustible dusts or combustible fibres in quantities sufficient to create a fire or explosion hazard shall be interrupted and the hazardous conditions shall be removed before any hot work is carried out.

Work adjacent to piping

5.17.3.2.  When welding or cutting is to be carried out near piping containing flammable gas, the section of the piping located within 1 m of the torch shall be covered with wet noncombustible insulating material 6 mm thick.

Work on containers

5.17.3.3.  (1)  Welding and cutting shall not be performed on containers, equipment, or piping containing flammable liquids, combustible liquids or flammable gases unless

(a) they have been cleaned and tested with a listed gas detector, such as one conforming to CSA C22.2 No. 152, "Combustible Gas Detection Instruments", to ascertain that they are free of explosive vapours, or

(b) safety measures are taken in conformance with good engineering practice.

(2)  Welding or cutting operations shall not be undertaken on a totally enclosed container.

(3)  At least one portable extinguisher conforming to Section 6.2 shall be provided in the cutting or welding area.

SECTION 5.18  INDUSTRIAL OVENS FOR BAKING AND DRYING PROCESSES

Subsection 5.18.1.  Application

Application

5.18.1.1.  This Section applies to industrial baking and drying ovens which during operation contain flammable vapours given off by the products being baked or dried.

Subsection 5.18.2.  Location

Prohibited location

5.18.2.1.  Ovens shall not be located in any storey below grade.

Subsection 5.18.3.  Construction

Oven materials

5.18.3.1.  Industrial ovens shall be constructed of noncombustible materials with smooth interior surfaces to permit cleaning.

Limiting temperature on combustible construction

5.18.3.2.  The roof and floor of ovens and heaters and associated ductwork shall have sufficient clearance or be insulated where necessary to prevent the temperature from exceeding 90°C at any combustible part of the building assembly.

Explosion vents

5.18.3.3.  (1)  Explosion vents shall be provided for ovens where fuel or vapour hazards are present.

(2)  Explosion vents shall be designed in conformance with NFPA 68, "Guide for Venting of Deflagrations".

(3)  Existing explosion vents that provide a vent ratio of 0.2 m² of vent area for each cubic metre of oven volume are deemed to satisfy the vent ratio for the purposes of NFPA 68 in Sentence (1).

(4)  Openings or access doors equipped with explosion release hardware shall be acceptable as explosion vents.

Duct and stack restrictions

5.18.3.4.  (1)  Ducts, stacks and associated insulation in systems for the removal of flammable vapours shall

(a) be constructed of noncombustible materials,

(b) not pass through firewalls, and

(c) discharge outdoors not less than

(i) 1.5 m from unprotected building openings, and

(ii) 6 m from air intake openings.

Subsection 5.18.4.  Ventilation

Oven ventilation

5.18.4.1.  Ovens in which flammable vapours may be present or through which products of combustion are circulated shall be ventilated in accordance with NFPA 86, "Standard for Ovens and Furnaces".

Fan interlocks

5.18.4.2.  (1)  In ovens where flammable vapours may be present, interlocks shall be provided to ensure that energy sources and ignition devices are de-activated when

(a) the ventilating fans stop, or

(b) the excess temperature controls are activated.

Continuous-process oven interlocks

5.18.4.3.  (1)  In continuous-process ovens where flammable vapours may be present, interlocks shall be provided to ensure

(a) that ventilating fans are operating before conveyors can be started, and

(b) that the conveyors are stopped when

(i) the ventilating fans stop, or

(ii) the excess temperature controls are activated.

Subsection 5.18.5.  Maintenance

Cleaning of ovens and ductwork

5.18.5.1.  (1)  Ovens and associated ductwork shall be inspected, cleaned and maintained internally and externally at intervals sufficient to prevent the accumulation of combustible deposits.

(2)  Access doors or panels shall be provided to permit inspection, cleaning and maintenance of ovens and associated ductwork.

(3)  Fixed noncombustible ladders, steps or grab rails shall be provided to permit access to the doors or panels required in Sentence (2).

Subsection 5.18.6.  Fire Protection

Portable extinguishers

5.18.6.1.  Portable extinguishers shall be provided in conformance with Section 6.2.

Standpipe and hose systems

5.18.6.2.  A standpipe and hose system shall be installed in conformance with the Building Code and equipped with spray nozzles so that all parts of an oven structure can be reached by a hose stream.

Fire access doors

5.18.6.3.  Doors or other means of access shall be provided in ovens and associated ductwork so that portable extinguishers or hose streams may be used in all parts of the equipment.

Automatic fire protection

5.18.6.4.  Ovens containing or processing sufficient combustible materials to sustain a fire shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system or other fixed extinguishing systems.

O. Reg. 213/07, Division B, Part 5.